| |
The article presents the results of long-term monitoring of the species of the genus Orchis of the family Orchidaceae Juss: O. punctulata, O. tridentata, O. picta), O. militaris, O. mascula, O. purpurea, O. simia, which are distinguished by their high decorative value and play a significant role in the formation of natural mountain and forest herbaceous phytocenoses in the North-West Caucasus. Species of this genus belong to tuberoid perennials that form specific root-stem organs of the reserve of vegetative reproduction. These formations are known in pharmacology and medicine as salep and contain a large number of useful biologically active substances that have long been used in folk medicine, which has caused damage to the cenopopulations of species. Almost all temperate orchid species are vulnerable and need protection. The reasons are not only their useful properties, but also some features of biology, in particular reproduction. 45 species of the family Orchidaceae are listed in the Red Book of the Krasnodar Territory, including 15 species of the genus Orchis in the status of 1 CC – 2 species, 3 HC-9, 2 IS-4. Therefore, the aim of this work was to assess the status of natural populations of these species, ecology and biology, vulnerability and promising to preserve them. The observations were carried out over a long period from the 90s to the present and allowed us to identify the majority of the cenopopulations of the studied species within the North-West Caucasus, to assess their abundance and breeding prospects, and to make a geobotanical description of the associations with their participation. The ecological assessment of the habitats is given, the mapping of the ranges is carried out, including, taking into account the long-term vegetation period of the species, local mapping. Long-term monitoring allows, despite the rather strong anthropogenic impact of the type of recreation, to assess the coenopopulations as normal non-pollinated with a predominance of generative and virginal individuals with the absence of senile ones. This ratio favors the reproduction of plants and the maintenance of the number of coenopopulations, which is subject to cyclical fluctuations mainly as a result of unfavorable weather conditions in the form of drought, waterlogging, etc. The negative impact on the state of coenopopulations of tree species is largely due to continuous logging.
Keywords:genus Orchis, North-West Caucasus, ecology, coenopopulations, age group ratio, tree associations, tuberoids.
|
LEGAL
INFORMATION:
