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Dysfunctions of the masticatory apparatus are a common problem in dental practice. Despite significant progress in understanding the etiopathogenesis of these disorders, many aspects of their diagnosis and treatment remain subjects of discussion. The aim of the study is to develop and clinically test a neuromuscular approach to the diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunctions, based on the comprehensive use of electromyography (EMG) and kinesiography. Methods: The study involved 120 patients with various forms of TMJ dysfunctions (myogenic, arthrogenic, mixed). All patients underwent a clinical examination with an evaluation of dysfunction indices (Helkimo, Fonseca), surface EMG of masticatory muscles with functional tests, and computerized kinesiography of mandibular movements. Based on the clinical and instrumental data, individual treatment plans were developed, including the fabrication of myorelaxation splints, physiotherapy, and myogymnastics under EMG and kinesiographic monitoring. Results: The use of EMG improved the accuracy of TMJ dysfunction diagnosis by 27%, and the use of kinesiography provided an objectification of articulatory function impairments in 85% of patients. The comprehensive neuromuscular approach, based on EMG and kinesiographic monitoring, demonstrated a 35% increase in the effectiveness of treatment for masticatory apparatus dysfunctions compared to standard therapy. Discussion: The findings open new perspectives for personalized diagnostics and multicomponent treatment of TMJ dysfunctions based on objective biometric parameters of neuromuscular function. Further research should focus on refining diagnostic criteria and optimizing therapeutic algorithms, considering the individual profile of bioelectrical activity in masticatory muscles and mandibular biomechanics.
Keywords:TMJ dysfunction, electromyography, kinesiography, neuromuscular dentistry, occlusal correction, myorelaxation splint therapy
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