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Uterine leiomyoma is a hormone-dependent benign tumor that arises from smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the myometrium. Surgical treatment of this pathology consists of its removal - myomectomy (ME) or uterine artery embolization (UAE). The effectiveness of these types of surgical interventions remains insufficiently high. Despite the latest surgical treatment concepts, the risk of recurrence of uterine leiomyoma remains relevant. According to data from literature sources [1-4], a favorable outcome after surgical interventions ranges from 15 to 50%, and the frequency of new ones performed due to relapses ranges from 17 to 37%. This type of tumor is accompanied by the release of a corresponding number of immunohistochemical protein markers: proliferation marker (Ki-67), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), progesterone receptors (PgR) and estrogen receptors (ER), proto-oncogene p16, antioncogene p53 and smooth muscle actin. Evaluation of the expression of these elements allows one to clearly identify a recurrent form of uterine leiomyoma. In addition, the medical literature[3-5] describes other etiological risk factors that predispose to recurrence of leiomyoma: the patient’s age, concomitant gynecological diseases (including pelvic inflammatory diseases), a history of childbirth, the patient’s cardiometabolic profile, use of oral contraceptives , hormonal disorders, premenopausal status, etc. Taking into account the above factors makes it possible to identify in advance the likelihood of recurrence and prescribe competent treatment, taking into account the etiology.
Keywords:leiomyoma, relapse, risk factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), progesterone receptors (PgR) and estrogen receptors (ER), p16 proto-oncogene, p53 antioncogene, SMC-actin
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