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The article studies the process of road development in the European north of the Russian Empire in the late nineteenth - early twentieth century. The construction of main railways and waterways is retraced. Special attention is paid to the policy of the Ministry of Finance under S.Yu. Witte which was aimed at the creation of modern transport infrastructure in the northern provinces with the goal of developing their natural resources and solving geopolitical problems as well. The article also deals with the discussion in the government circles of the possibility of a sea route from the White and the Barents Seas along the coast of the Arctic Ocean.
Keywords:The European North of the Russian Empire, government policy, colonization, transport infrastructure, railways, waterways, sea communications, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Railways
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