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Ubykh people are the indigenous population of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. In the first half of the 19th century Ubykh people occupied the area between the Shah and Host rivers which are located on the territory of modern Big Sochi. By 50th years Ubykhia consisted of the following tribal associations or, as they call them, Subashi (Subeshh), Vordane, Psahe, Hize, Sashe and Host (Hamyshe) societies, which were located in the coastal strip. Also it is known at that time about the existence of a number mountain communities, which names history unfortunately didn’t saved, but their existence allowed authors to name Ubykh people as «true highlanders». Eastern Ubykh’s neighbors were Shapsugs and in west there were Saji and Djigets.
Geographically located between Adygs and Abkhazs and ethographically being as an intermediary between them, Ubykh people had a special place in the western group of Caucasian nations. Ubykh language belongs to Abkhazian-Adyg group of Ibero-Caucasian language family. It is the most ancient language of the aboriginal population of the Big Sochi. In the first half of the 19th century the population of Ubyhk people was about 100 thousand man.
The period from the end of XVIII to the 60th years of XIX century is an important stage in the history of the peoples of the Northern Caucasus, entered the path of active support for Turkey in its confrontation with Russia. So, one of the small, but very warlike Circassian tribes - Ubykhs, who for many years have stubbornly resisted the Russian army during the Caucasian war, open steel towards Turkey in the Russo-Turkish wars of the 19th century, then part of the Ubykh people emigrated, part of were deported to the territory of the Ottoman Empire, where fully assimilated with the indigenous people, gradually lost their mother tongue.
Keywords:Ubykh people, ethnos, social organization, political history, sources, archives, historical accuracy
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